Machine Design
The contact ratio is the ratio of

Length of arc of approach to the circular pitch
Length of path of contact to the circular pitch
Length of arc of recess to the circular pitch
Length of arc of contact to the circular pitch

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Machine Design
A bolt of M 24 × 2 means that

The pitch of the thread is 24 mm and depth is 2 mm
Cross-sectional area of the threads is 24 mm²
The effective diameter of bolt is 24 mm and there are 2 threads per cm
The nominal diameter of bolt is 24 mm and pitch is 2 mm

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