Machine Design
The circumferential and longitudinal strains in a cylindrical boiler under internal steam pressure are εc and εl respectively. The change in volume of the boiler cylinder per unit volume will be

εc² + εl
εc + εl²
2εc + εl
εc + 2εl

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Machine Design
When a machine member is subjected to torsion, the torsional shear stress set up in the member is

Zero at both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member
Maximum at the centroidal axis and zero at the outer surface of the member
Zero at the centroidal axis and maximum at the outer surface of the member
Maximum at both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member

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Machine Design
The creep in the belt is due to

Effect of temperature on belt
Unequal extensions in the belt due to tight and slack side tensions
Stresses beyond elastic limit of belt material
Material of belt

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