Machine Design
The strap end of a connecting rod of steam engine is joined by

Knuckle joint
Gib of cotter joint
Sleeve and cotter joint
Spigot socket cotter joint

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Machine Design
In oilness bearings

The oil film is maintained by supplying oil under pressure
Grease required to be applied after some intervals
Do not require external supply of lubricant
The oil film pressure is generated only by the rotation of the journal

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Machine Design
For same pulley diameters, center distance, belt speed and belt and pulley materials,

Crossed belt drive transmits more power than open belt drive
Open and crossed belt drives transmit same power
Power transmission does not depend upon open and crossed types of constructions
Open belt drive transmits more power than crossed belt drive

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Machine Design
Castle nut is a locking device in which

One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming
Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter pin spitted and bent in reverse direction at other end
A slot is cut partly is middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening a screw
A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip

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Machine Design
When a machine member is subjected to torsion, the torsional shear stress set up in the member is

Maximum at the centroidal axis and zero at the outer surface of the member
Maximum at both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member
Zero at both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member
Zero at the centroidal axis and maximum at the outer surface of the member

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