Machine Design
In order to determine the stresses in a thin cylinder due to an internal pressure, it is assumed that

The effect of curvature of the cylinder wall is neglected
The effect of the restraining action of the heads at the end of the pressure vessel is neglected
The tensile stresses are uniformly distributed over the section of the walls
All of these

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Machine Design
In cross or regular lay ropes

Wires are not twisted
Wires in two adjacent strands are twisted in opposite direction
Direction of twist of wires and strands are same
Direction of twist of wires in strands is opposite to the direction of twist of strands

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