Machine Design
In case of thick cylinders, the tangential stress across the thickness of cylinder is

Maximum at the outer surface and minimum at the inner surface
Maximum at the inner surface and zero at the outer surface
Maximum at the inner surface and minimum at the outer surface
Maximum at the outer surface and zero at the inner surface

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Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It has a lower curvature than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process

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