Machine Design
If d is the normal diameter of a bolt in mm, then the initial tension in kg in a bolt used for making a fluid tight joint as for steam engine cover joint is calculated by the relation

138 d
124 d
151 d
168 d

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Machine Design
An open belt drive is used when

Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the opposite directions
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the same directions
Shafts are arranged at right angles and rotate in one definite direction
Driven shaft is to be started or stopped whenever desired without interfering with the driving shaft

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