Machine Design
If d is the normal diameter of a bolt in mm, then the initial tension in kg in a bolt used for making a fluid tight joint as for steam engine cover joint is calculated by the relation

138 d
151 d
168 d
124 d

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Machine Design
Form coefficient of spring is

Load required to produce unit deflection
Its capability of storing energy
Ratio of coil diameter to wire diameter
Concerned with strength of wire of spring

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