Machine Design
Stress concentration is caused due to

All of these
Variation in properties of material from point to point in a member
Abrupt change of section
Pitting at points or areas at which loads on a member are applied

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Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
None of these
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets

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