Machine Design
Stress concentration factor is defined as the ratio of

Nominal stress to the endurance limit
Nominal stress to the maximum stress
Maximum stress to the nominal stress
Maximum stress to the endurance limit

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Machine Design
When a machine member is subjected to torsion, the torsional shear stress set up in the member is

Maximum at both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member
Zero at both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member
Zero at the centroidal axis and maximum at the outer surface of the member
Maximum at the centroidal axis and zero at the outer surface of the member

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