Machine Design
Stress concentration is caused due to

Pitting at points or areas at which loads on a member are applied
Variation in properties of material from point to point in a member
All of these
Abrupt change of section

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Machine Design
An open belt drive is used when

Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the same directions
Shafts are arranged at right angles and rotate in one definite direction
Driven shaft is to be started or stopped whenever desired without interfering with the driving shaft
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the opposite directions

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