Machine Design
A flanged pipe joint will be a leak-proof joint, if the circumferential pitch of the bolts is (where d = Diameter of bolt hole)

Greater than 30d
Less than 20d
Equal to inside diameter of pipe
Between 20d and 30d

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Machine Design
In order to determine the stresses in a thin cylinder due to an internal pressure, it is assumed that

The effect of curvature of the cylinder wall is neglected
The tensile stresses are uniformly distributed over the section of the walls
The effect of the restraining action of the heads at the end of the pressure vessel is neglected
All of these

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