Machine Design
For a shoe brake, the equivalent coefficient of friction is equal to (where μ = Actual coefficient of friction, and θ = Semi-block angle)

2μ sinθ/(θ + sinθ)
4μ sinθ/(2θ + sin 2θ)
μ sinθ/(2θ + sin 2θ)
4μ sinθ/(θ + sinθ)

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Machine Design
In case of thick cylinders, the tangential stress across the thickness of cylinder is

Maximum at the outer surface and zero at the inner surface
Maximum at the outer surface and minimum at the inner surface
Maximum at the inner surface and zero at the outer surface
Maximum at the inner surface and minimum at the outer surface

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