Machine Design
For a shoe brake, the equivalent coefficient of friction is equal to (where μ = Actual coefficient of friction, and θ = Semi-block angle)

2μ sinθ/(θ + sinθ)
μ sinθ/(2θ + sin 2θ)
4μ sinθ/(θ + sinθ)
4μ sinθ/(2θ + sin 2θ)

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Machine Design
Spring stiffness is

Load required to produce unit deflection
Its ability to absorb shocks
Its capability of storing energy
Ratio of coil diameter to wire diameter

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