Machine Design
For a shoe brake, the equivalent coefficient of friction is equal to (where μ = Actual coefficient of friction, and θ = Semi-block angle)

μ sinθ/(2θ + sin 2θ)
2μ sinθ/(θ + sinθ)
4μ sinθ/(2θ + sin 2θ)
4μ sinθ/(θ + sinθ)

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Machine Design
Coaxing is the procedure of increasing

Fatigue limit by over-stressing the metal by successively increasing loadings
Metal hardness by surface treatment
Metal resistance to corrosion by coating
Metal strength by cycling

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Machine Design
The contact ratio is the ratio of

Length of arc of recess to the circular pitch
Length of arc of approach to the circular pitch
Length of arc of contact to the circular pitch
Length of path of contact to the circular pitch

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