Machine Design
For a shoe brake, the equivalent coefficient of friction is equal to (where μ = Actual coefficient of friction, and θ = Semi-block angle)

2μ sinθ/(θ + sinθ)
4μ sinθ/(2θ + sin 2θ)
μ sinθ/(2θ + sin 2θ)
4μ sinθ/(θ + sinθ)

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Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
None of these
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets

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