Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engine the inlet valve

Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 35° after the bottom dead center
Opens at 10° after top dead center and closes 20° before the bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The purpose of testing an internal combustion engine is

To satisfy the customer regarding the performance of the engine
To determine the information, which cannot be obtained by calculations
All of these
To conform the data used in design, the validity of which may be doubtful

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Internal Combustion Engines
The injector nozzle of a compression ignition engine is required to inject fuel at a sufficiently high pressure in order to

Inject fuel in a chamber of high pressure at the end of compression stroke
Inject fuel at a high velocity to facilitate atomization
All of these
Ensure that penetration is not high

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