Machine Design
The centre distance between two meshing involute gears is equal to

Sum of base circle radii/cosφ
Difference of pitch circle radii/cosφ
Difference of base circle radii/cosφ
Sum of pitch circle radii/cosφ

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Machine Design
According to Rankine's theory, the failure occurs at a point in a member

When the maximum principal strain in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain at the elastic limit as determined from a simple tension test
When the maximum shear stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the shear stress at elastic limit in a simple tension test
When the maximum principal stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the elastic limit of the material in a simple tension test
When the strain energy per unit volume in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain energy at the elastic limit per unit volume as determined from a simple tension test

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Machine Design
An open belt drive is used when

Driven shaft is to be started or stopped whenever desired without interfering with the driving shaft
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the opposite directions
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the same directions
Shafts are arranged at right angles and rotate in one definite direction

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Machine Design
In a hydrodynamic lubricated bearing

There is a thick film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing
The lubricant is forced between the journal and the bearing, by external pressure
There is no lubricant between the journal and the bearing
There is a thin film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing

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