Machine Design
An elastic bar is fixed at the upper end and loaded at the lower end by a falling weight. The shock load produced can be reduced by

Increasing the length of bar
Decreasing the cross-sectional area of the bar
Decreasing the modulus of elasticity of the bar
All of these

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Machine Design
A tap bolt

Has both the ends threaded
Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other
Has pointed threads
Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined

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