Internal Combustion Engines
The basic requirement of a good combustion chamber is

Minimum turbulence
High thermal efficiency and power output
Low compression ratio
Low volumetric efficiency

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the compression

Starts at bottom dead centre and ends at top dead centre
Starts at 40° before bottom dead centre and ends at 30° after bottom dead centre
May start and end anywhere
Starts at 40° after bottom dead centre and ends at 30° before top dead centre

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