Internal Combustion Engines
Flash point of fuel oil is

Minimum temperature to which oil is heated in order to give off inflammable vapours in sufficient quantity to ignite momentarily when brought in contact with a flame
Indicated by 90% distillation temperature, i.e. when 90% of sample oil has distilled off
Temperature at which it catches fire without external aid
Temperature at which it solidifies or congeals

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Internal Combustion Engines
Detonation is harmful due to

None of these
Excessive turbulence which removes most of the insulating gas boundary layer from the cylinder walls
Increase in the rate of heat transfer, there is a reduction in the power output and efficiency of the engine
High intensity of knock causes crankshaft vibration and the engine runs rough

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Internal Combustion Engines
The fuel valve in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
May open and close anywhere
Opens at 15° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
Opens at 15° before top dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center

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