Surveying
The altitude of a heavenly body is its angular distance, measured on the vertical circle passing through the body, above

Horizon
None of these
Pole
Equator

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier
error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis
None of these
error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation

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