Surveying
Pick up the correct statement from the following. The difference between the longitudes of the places is obtained.

By adding their longitudes if places are in the different hemispheres
By subtracting the sum of their longitudes exceeding 180° from 360° if places are in different hemispheres
All of these
By subtracting their longitudes if places are in the same hemisphere

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis
None of these
index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier
error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation

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Surveying
Normal tension is that pull which

is used at the time of standardising the tape
neutralizes the effect due to pull and sag
makes the correction due to pull equal to zero
makes the correction due to sag equal to zero

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