Surveying
If the lower clamp screw is tightened and upper clamp screw is loosened, the theodolite may be rotated

on its outer spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and gra-duated scale of lower plate
on its inner spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate
on its inner spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate
on its outer spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and graduated scale of lower plate

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier
None of these
error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation
error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis

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