Surveying
If the length of a chain is found to be short on testing, it can be adjusted by

removing one or more small circular rings
straightening the links
closing the joints of the rings if opened out
All of these

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Surveying
Normal tension is that pull which

makes the correction due to sag equal to zero
is used at the time of standardising the tape
neutralizes the effect due to pull and sag
makes the correction due to pull equal to zero

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