Machine Design
Stress concentration is caused due to

Variation in properties of material from point to point in a member
All of these
Pitting at points or areas at which loads on a member are applied
Abrupt change of section

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Machine Design
When a machine member is subjected to torsion, the torsional shear stress set up in the member is

Maximum at the centroidal axis and zero at the outer surface of the member
Maximum at both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member
Zero at both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member
Zero at the centroidal axis and maximum at the outer surface of the member

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