Penstock Penstock pipe is used to bring water from the dam to the hydraulic turbine. Penstock pipes are made up of steel or reinforced concrete. The turbine is installed at a lower level from the dam. The penstock is provided with a gate valve at the inlet to completely close the water supply. It has a control valve to control the water flow rate into the turbine.
Hysteresis Loss = Kh × BM1.67 × f × v watts where Kh = Hysteresis constant depends upon the material Bm = Maximum flux density f = frequency v = Volume of the core Hence the hysteresis loss does not depend upon the ambient temperature.
Galvanized steel conductors do not corrode, and possess high resistance. Hence such Wires are used in telecommunications circuits, earth wires, guard wire, stray wire, etc.
Total resistance in the given circuit R = (250 + 250)MΩ = 500 MΩ Current I = V/R = 24/(500 × 103) Now the Voltage in the voltmeter = \dfrac{{24}}{{500 \times {{10}^3}}} \times 250 \times {10^3} V = 12 V
EXAMIANS