Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
All of these
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts
Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow

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