Process Equipment and Plant Design
Ratio of tube length to shell diameter for a shell and tube heat exchanger is

4 : 1 to 8 : 1 for liquid-liquid exchanger
Both B & C
8 : 1 to 12 : 1 for both liquid-liquid and gas-gas heat exchangers
< 4 : 1 for gas-gas exchangers

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

Can accomodate less number of tubes for a given shell diameter
Facilitates easier shell side cleaning; hence is more suitable for handling high dirt factor shell side fluid
Results in higher shell side pressure drop
Creates relatively lower turbulence on the shell side resulting in lower shell side heat transfer co-efficient

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