Process Equipment and Plant Design
Ratio of tube length to shell diameter for a shell and tube heat exchanger is

4 : 1 to 8 : 1 for liquid-liquid exchanger
Both B & C
< 4 : 1 for gas-gas exchangers
8 : 1 to 12 : 1 for both liquid-liquid and gas-gas heat exchangers

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Only the function of condensation is to be carried out
Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate
Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit
Sub cooling of condensate is desired

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Ponchon Savarit method is based on the use of enthalpy concentration diagram, which contains the bubble point curve (saturated liquid curve), dew point curve (saturated vapour curve) and equilibrium tie lines. As compared to McCabe-Thiele's method, this method

Facilitates direct calculation of heat load on reboiler & condenser from, the diagram used in this method
All of these
Accounts for the enthalpy changes in the process
Is more accurate in finding the number of equilibrium stages

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