Process Equipment and Plant Design
Ratio of tube length to shell diameter for a shell and tube heat exchanger is

4 : 1 to 8 : 1 for liquid-liquid exchanger
8 : 1 to 12 : 1 for both liquid-liquid and gas-gas heat exchangers
Both B & C
< 4 : 1 for gas-gas exchangers

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes
Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve

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