Theory of Machine
Open pairs are those which have

Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Two elements that permit relative motion

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Theory of Machine
A rigid body, under the action of external forces, can be replaced by two masses placed at a fixed distance apart. The two masses form an equivalent dynamical system, if

All of these
The sum of mass moment of inertia of the masses about their center of gravity is equal to the mass moment of inertia of the body
The sum of the two masses is equal to the total mass of body
The center of gravity of the two masses coincides with that of the body

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Theory of Machine
Two pulleys of radii r₁ and r₂ and at distance x apart are connected by means of a cross belt drive. The length of the belt is

π (r₁ + r₂) + [(r₁ + r₂)²/x] + 2x
π (r₁ - r₂) + [(r₁ - r₂)²/x] + 2x
π (r₁ + r₂) + [(r₁ - r₂)²/x] + 2x
π (r₁ - r₂) + [(r₁ + r₂)²/x] + 2x

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