Theory of Machine
Open pairs are those which have

Two elements that permit relative motion
Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion

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Theory of Machine
In a cone pulley, if the sum of radii of the pulleys on the driving and driven shafts is constant, then

Both open belt drive and crossed belt drive is recommended
The drive is recommended depending upon the torque transmitted
Open belt drive is recommended
Crossed belt drive is recommended

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Theory of Machine
The primary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)
m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r cosθ

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