Surveying
Normal tension is that pull which

neutralizes the effect due to pull and sag
is used at the time of standardising the tape
makes the correction due to sag equal to zero
makes the correction due to pull equal to zero

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier
None of these
error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation
error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis

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