Surveying
The great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the earth, is called

0° latitude
Terrestrial equator
All of these
Equator

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Surveying
For mapping any country

Geodetic triangulation of greatest possible sides and accuracy is carried out
Secondary triangles are further broken into third and fourth order triangles, the points of which are used for detail surveys
Primary triangles are broken down into secondary triangles of somewhat lesser accuracy
All listed here

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