Surveying
If ‘f’ is the focal length of the camera lens and ‘θ’ is the angle of tilt, the distance of the plumb point from the principal point will be

f cos θ
f sec θ
f sin θ
f tan θ

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Surveying
A ’level line’ is a

line passing through the center of cross hairs and the center of eye piece
horizontal line
line parallel to the mean spheriodal surface of earth
line passing through the objective lens and the eye-piece of a dumpy or tilting level

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Surveying
Theodolite is an instrument used for

tightening the capstan-headed nuts of level tube
measurement of both horizontal and vertical angles
measurement of vertical angles only
measurement of horizontal angles only

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