Surveying
On vertical photographs, height displacement is

All listed here
Negative for points below datum
Positive for points above datum
Zero for points vertically below the air station

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Surveying
In the prismatic compass

the graduated circle is fixed to the box and the magnetic needle always remains in the N-S direction
the magnetic needle and graduated circle do not move with the box
the line of the sight does not move with the box
the magnetic needle moves with the box

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