Surveying
Normal tension is that pull which

makes the correction due to sag equal to zero
neutralizes the effect due to pull and sag
makes the correction due to pull equal to zero
is used at the time of standardising the tape

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Surveying
For mapping any country

All listed here
Secondary triangles are further broken into third and fourth order triangles, the points of which are used for detail surveys
Primary triangles are broken down into secondary triangles of somewhat lesser accuracy
Geodetic triangulation of greatest possible sides and accuracy is carried out

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