Heat and Mass Transfer
Moisture would find its way into insulation by vapour pressure unless it is prevented by

High thickness of insulation
Less thermal conductivity insulator
High vapour pressure
A vapour seal

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Film coefficient is defined as Inside diameter of tube

Film coefficient × Inside diameter Thermal conductivity
Equivalent thickness of film
Thermal conductivity Equivalent thickness of film Specific heat × Viscosity
Thermal conductivity Molecular diffusivity of momentum Thermal diffusivity

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