Heat and Mass Transfer
The most commonly used method for the design of duct size is the

Static regains method
Dual or double method
Equal friction method
Velocity reduction method

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Heat and Mass Transfer
The logarithmic mean temperature difference (tm) is given by (where Δt1 and Δt2 are temperature differences between the hot and cold fluids at entrance and exit)

tm = loge (Δt1/Δt2)/ (Δt1 - Δt2)
tm = tm = (Δt1 - Δt2) loge (Δt1/Δt2)
tm = (Δt1 - Δt2)/ loge (Δt1/Δt2)
tm = loge (Δt1 - Δt2)/ Δt1/Δt2

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