Heat and Mass Transfer
The heat transfer from a hot body to a cold body is directly proportional to the surface area and difference of temperatures between the two bodies. This statement is called

Newton's law of cooling
First law of thermodynamics
Stefan's law
Newton's law of heating

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Which of the following would lead to a reduction in thermal resistance?

In conduction, reduction in the thickness of the material and an increase in thermal conductivity.
In radiation, increasing the temperature and reducing the emissivity.
In convection, stirring of the fluid and cleaning the heating surface.
All of these

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Heat and Mass Transfer
The heat transfer by conduction through a thick cylinder (Q) is given by (where T₁ = Higher temperature, T₂ = Lower temperature, r₁ = Inside radius, r₂ = Outside radius, l = Length of cylinder, and k = Thermal conductivity)

Q = [2π (T₁ - T₂)]/2.3 lk log (r₂/r₁)
Q = = 2πlk/2.3 (T₁ - T₂) log (r₂/r₁)
Q = 2.3 log (r₂/r₁)/[2πlk (T₁ - T₂)]
Q = [2πlk (T₁ - T₂)]/2.3 log (r₂/r₁)

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