Machine Design
Machine screws are

Similar to stud
Slotted for a screw driver and generally used with a nut
Used to prevent relative motion between two parts
Similar to small size tap bolts except that a greater variety of shapes of heads are available

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Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It has a lower curvature than the outer side

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