Machine Design
Machine screws are

Similar to stud
Similar to small size tap bolts except that a greater variety of shapes of heads are available
Used to prevent relative motion between two parts
Slotted for a screw driver and generally used with a nut

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Machine Design
The fatigue stress concentration factor is defined as

The ratio of endurance limit without stress concentration to the endurance limit with stress concentration
The ratio of endurance limit with stress concentration to the endurance limit without stress concentration
All of these
The product of the endurance limits with and without stress concentration

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