Machine Design
The initial tension (in newtons) in a bolt used for making a fluid tight joint like steam engine cover joints, is calculated by the relation (where d = Nominal diameter of bolt in mm)

1420 d
2840 d
2080 d
1680 d

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Machine Design
The ends of the leaves of a semi-elliptical leaf spring are made triangular in order to

Permit each leaf to act as an overhanging beam
Have variable bending moment (M) in each leaf
Obtain variable moment of inertia (I) in each leaf
Make M/I constant throughout the length of the leaf

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Machine Design
A bolt of uniform strength can be developed by

Keeping the core diameter of threads equal to the diameter of unthreaded portion of the bolt
None of these
Keeping the nominal diameter of threads equal to the diameter of unthreaded portion of the bolt
Keeping the core diameter smaller than the diameter of the unthreaded portion

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