Machine Design
The fatigue stress concentration factor is defined as

The ratio of endurance limit with stress concentration to the endurance limit without stress concentration
The product of the endurance limits with and without stress concentration
The ratio of endurance limit without stress concentration to the endurance limit with stress concentration
All of these

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Machine Design
In composite or reverse laid ropes

Direction of twist of wires and strands are same
Direction of twist of wires in strands is opposite to the direction of twist of strands
Wires in two adjacent strands are twisted in opposite direction
Wires are not twisted

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