Machine Design
Two rigid plates are clamped by means of bolt and nut with an initial force F. After tightening, a separating force P (P < F) is applied to the lower plate, which in turn acts on the nut. The tension in the both after this is

P
F.P
F
F + P

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Machine Design
Plastic flow in ductile materials

Increases the seriousness of static loading stress concentration
Lessens the seriousness of static loading stress concentration
Has no effect on it
Depends on other considerations

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