Machine Design
Two rigid plates are clamped by means of bolt and nut with an initial force F. After tightening, a separating force P (P < F) is applied to the lower plate, which in turn acts on the nut. The tension in the both after this is

F.P
P
F
F + P

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Machine Design
In case of thick cylinders, the tangential stress across the thickness of cylinder is

Maximum at the inner surface and minimum at the outer surface
Maximum at the outer surface and zero at the inner surface
Maximum at the inner surface and zero at the outer surface
Maximum at the outer surface and minimum at the inner surface

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