Machine Design
Two rigid plates are clamped by means of bolt and nut with an initial force F. After tightening, a separating force P (P < F) is applied to the lower plate, which in turn acts on the nut. The tension in the both after this is

F + P
F.P
F
P

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Machine Design
Machine screws are

Similar to small size tap bolts except that a greater variety of shapes of heads are available
Similar to stud
Slotted for a screw driver and generally used with a nut
Used to prevent relative motion between two parts

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