Machine Design
Two rigid plates are clamped by means of bolt and nut with an initial force F. After tightening, a separating force P (P < F) is applied to the lower plate, which in turn acts on the nut. The tension in the both after this is

F
F.P
F + P
P

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Machine Design
A bolt of M 24 × 2 means that

The effective diameter of bolt is 24 mm and there are 2 threads per cm
The nominal diameter of bolt is 24 mm and pitch is 2 mm
Cross-sectional area of the threads is 24 mm²
The pitch of the thread is 24 mm and depth is 2 mm

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