Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It has a lower curvature than the outer side
It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process
It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side

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Machine Design
Crowning on pulley helps

To keep the belt in centre on a pulley while it is in motion
In decreasing the slip of the belt
To increase pulley life
In increasing the slip of the belt

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