Theory of Machine
Two heavy rotating masses are connected by shafts of lengths l₁, l₂ and l₃ and the corresponding diameters are d₁, d₂ and d₃. This system is reduced to a torsionally equivalent system having uniform diameter d = d₁ of the shaft. The equivalent length of the shaft is

l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)⁴ + l₃.(d₁/d₃)⁴
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)³ + l₂.(d₁/d₃)³
l₁ + l₂ + l₃
(l₁ + l₂ + l₃)/3

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Theory of Machine
A system of masses rotating in different parallel planes is in dynamic balance if the

Resultant force is equal to zero
Resultant couple is equal to zero
Resultant force is numerically equal to the resultant couple, but neither of them need necessarily be zero
Resultant force and resultant couple are both equal to zero

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Theory of Machine
When the belt is stationary, it is subjected to some tension known as initial tension. The value of this tension is equal to the

Average tension of the tight side and slack side of the belt
Tension in the slack side of the belt
Tension in the tight side of the belt
Sum of the tensions on the tight side and slack side of the belt

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