Internal Combustion Engines
Which one of the following event would reduce volumetric efficiency of a vertical compression ignition engine?

Inlet valve closing before bottom dead center
Exhaust valve closing after top dead center
Inlet valve opening before top dead center
Inlet valve closing after bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The delay period in compression ignition engines depends upon

Nature of the fuel mixture strength
Relative velocity between the fuel injection and air turbulence pressure of residual gases
All of these
Temperature and pressure in the cylinder at the time of injection

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the expansion

Starts at 30° before top dead center and ends at 50° before bottom dead center
May start and end anywhere
Starts at 30° after top dead center and ends at 50° after bottom dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at bottom dead center

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