Machine Design
In order to obtain bolt of uniform strength

Drill an axial hole through head up to threaded portion so that shank area is equal to root area of thread
Increase shank diameter
Increase its length
Tighten die bolt properly

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Machine Design
The flank of the tooth is the

Surface of the tooth below the pitch surface
Width of the tooth measured along the pitch circle
Surface of the top of the tooth
Surface of the tooth above the pitch surface

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