Machine Design
When an open coiled helical compression spring is subjected to an axial compressive load, the maximum shear stress induced in the wire is (where D = Mean diameter of the spring coil, d = Diameter of the spring wire, K = Wahl's stress factor, and W = Axial compressive load on the spring)

(4WD/ πd3) × K
(2WD/ πd3) × K
(8WD/ πd3) × K
(WD/ πd3) × K

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Machine Design
The creep in the belt is due to

Material of belt
Stresses beyond elastic limit of belt material
Unequal extensions in the belt due to tight and slack side tensions
Effect of temperature on belt

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