Machine Design
Split nut is a locking device in which

A slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening screw
Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter pin splitted and bent in reverse direction at the other end
A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip
One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming

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Machine Design
Stress concentration is caused due to

All of these
Pitting at points or areas at which loads on a member are applied
Abrupt change of section
Variation in properties of material from point to point in a member

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