Machine Design
A bolt

Is provided with pointed threads
Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other
Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined
Has both the ends threaded

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Machine Design
The effective stress in wire ropes during normal working is equal to the stress due to

Axial load plus stress due to bending
Bending plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Acceleration/retardation of masses plus stress due to bending
Axial load plus stress due to acceleration/retardation

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