Machine Design
In composite or reverse laid ropes

Wires in two adjacent strands are twisted in opposite direction
Direction of twist of wires and strands are same
Wires are not twisted
Direction of twist of wires in strands is opposite to the direction of twist of strands

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Machine Design
A stud

Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined
Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other
Has both the ends threaded
Has pointed threads

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Machine Design
Jam nut is a locking device in which

A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip
A slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening a screw
Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter spitted and bent in reverse direction at other end
One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming

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