Machine Design
When a circular beam of diameter d is subjected to a shear force F, the maximum shear stress induced will be

6F/ πd²
4F/ πd²
8F/ πd²
16F/ 3πd²

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Machine Design
The ends of the leaves of a semi-elliptical leaf spring are made triangular in order to

Permit each leaf to act as an overhanging beam
Have variable bending moment (M) in each leaf
Make M/I constant throughout the length of the leaf
Obtain variable moment of inertia (I) in each leaf

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