Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having triangular pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by

4(0.86p² - πd²)/πd
4(0.86p² - πd²/4)/πd
(p² - πd²/4)/πd
(4p² - πd²/4)/πd

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to a shell and tube heat exchanger.

The minimum value of baffle spacing is 50 mm
The maximum unsupported tube span is generally about 75 times tube diameter, but is reduced to about 60 times for aluminium, copper & alloys of these
Disk and doughnut baffle is the most commonly used baffle
The maximum value of baffle spacing is equal to the I.D. of the shell

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

All of these
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube

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