Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
All of the listed here
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam

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Theory of Machine
Sensitiveness of the governor is defined as the ratio of the

Mean speed to the maximum equilibrium speed
Difference of the maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds to the mean speed
Sum of the maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds to the mean speed
Mean speed to the minimum equilibrium speed

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