Theory of Machine
In a screw jack, the effort required to lower the load W is given by

P = W tan(α - φ)
P = W cos(α + φ)
P = W tan(α + φ)
P = W tan(φ - α)

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Theory of Machine
In a circular arc cam with roller follower, the acceleration in any position of the lift will depend only upon

Mass of cam follower linkage, spring stiffness and cam speed
Total lift, centre of gravity of the cam and cam speed
Radius of circular arc, cam speed, location of centre of circular arc and roller diameter
Total lift, total angle of lift, minimum radius of cam and cam speed

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Theory of Machine
Open pairs are those which have

Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Two elements that permit relative motion

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

All of the listed here
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam

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