Theory of Machine
In a screw jack, the effort required to lift the load W is given by (where α = Helix angle, and φ = Angle of friction)

P = W cos(α + φ)
P = W tan(α - φ)
P = W tan(φ - α)
P = W tan(α + φ)

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Theory of Machine
In a single slider crank chain

Each of the four pairs is a turning pair
One is a turning pair and three are sliding pairs
Three are turning pairs and one is a sliding pair
Two are turning pairs and two are sliding pairs

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