Theory of Machine
In a screw jack, the effort required to lift the load W is given by (where α = Helix angle, and φ = Angle of friction)

P = W tan(φ - α)
P = W tan(α + φ)
P = W cos(α + φ)
P = W tan(α - φ)

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Theory of Machine
Open pairs are those which have

Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Two elements that permit relative motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Surface contact between the two elements when in motion

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