Theory of Machine
In a locomotive, the resultant unbalanced force due to the two cylinders along the line of stroke, is known as

Swaying couple
Tractive force
None of these
Hammer blow

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Theory of Machine
The contact ratio is given by

(Length of the arc of contact)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of path of recess)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the path of approach)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the arc of approach)/cosφ

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